The Professional Macsyma  Manual

                         edited by


                     _R_i_c_h_a_r_d _J_. _F_a_t_e_m_a_n
























                  A revision of the Macsyma Reference Manual








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                        _P_r_e_f_a_c_e

     is a large computer programming  system  used  for
performing  symbolic  as well as numerical mathematical
manipulations. Its origins are in the work of the Math-
lab  Group  of  the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
(formerly Project MAC).  The name itself is an  acronym
for Project MAC's SYmbolic MAnipulation System.

     This manual* describes a version which is  a  des-
cendent of the Macsyma / Vaxima system developed at the
University  of  California, Berkeley, starting from the
original DEC PDP-10 version.  has been designed for use
under  the  UNIX operating system on VAX and other com-
puters.**

This system and its predecessors reflect the many  con-
tributions of prized pieces of code, useful advice, bug
reports, and lively debate.

     The algorithms in have been both  drawn  from  and
contributed  to  the literature, and owe debts to Elwyn
R. Berlekamp, W.  Stanley  Brown,  George  E.  Collins,
Richard  J.  Fateman,  W.  Morven Gentleman, R. William
Gosper, Donald E. Knuth, John D.  Lipson,  Joel  Moses,
Robert  H. Risch, Barry Trager, Paul Wang, Richard Zip-
pel, among many others.

     Direct  contributors  in  terms  of   programming,
include  David  R.  Barton, Richard A. Bogen, Hilary O.
Capps, George J.  Carrette,  Bruce  W.  Char,  Alex  P.
Doohovskoy,  William G. Dubuque, Carl Engelman, Richard
J. Fateman, John K. Foderaro, Daniel Freedman,  Michael
R. Genesereth, R. William Gosper, Ellen V. Golden, Jef-
frey P. Golden, Robert Grabel, Leo P. Harten,  John  L.
Kulp,  Douglas H. Lanam, Edward L. Lafferty, William A.
Martin, Joel Moses, Keith Nishihara, Kent  M.  Pittman,
Linda  Rothschild, David Saunders, David R. Stoutemyer,
Barry M. Trager, Paul Wang, David Y. Yun, Jon L. White,
Gail Zacharias, Richard Zippel, and undoubtedly others.

                    Acknowledgments

     Work reported  herein  was  supported  at  various
times  by  numerous  government  and  private agencies,
____________________
9   *This manual is based in part on the 1977 version  9
PDP-10  manual,  with  suggestions of the Mathlab Group
and the assistance of V. Ellen Golden.  Their  help  is
gratefully acknowledged.




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including in part the U. S. Department of Energy,  Con-
tract  DE-AT03-76SF00034,  Project  Agreement  DE-AS03-
79ER10358, and the National  Science  Foundation  under
Grant  No.  MCS 7807291, the System Development Founda-
tion.

UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. DEC, VAX, PDP
are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.

portions 8c9 1981 in part, by the Massachusetts Institute
of  Technology,  which  has  given  permission  to copy
without fee all or part of  the  source  material  from
which  this manual is derived, provided that the copies
are not  made  or  distributed  for  direct  commercial
advantage and the copyright notice above is given.
All other rights reserved.




































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                       Contents



                    Introduction
                    Data Types
                    Construction    of     Mathematical
          Expressions
                    Programming
                    Commands
                    Database Operations
                    Specialized Functions Lists Pattern
          Matching Utility I/O Tensor Share
                    Batch/storage
                    Plotting
                    Grammar
                    Examples



































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