." %W% %G%
.pp
\ \ 
.sp 2i
.tl ''\s14The\ \s16P\s14rofessional Macsyma\  \s14Manual''
.ps 10
.sp 1v
.tl ''edited by''
.sp 2v
.tl ''\fIRichard\ J.\ Fateman\fP''
.sp 4i
.tl '''A revision of the Macsyma Reference Manual'

.bp
.sp 1i
.ft I
.ll 5.5i
.in .5i
.tl ''Preface''
.pp
.Ma
is a large
computer programming system used for performing symbolic
as well as numerical mathematical manipulations. Its origins are 
in the work of the Mathlab
Group of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (formerly Project MAC).
The name itself is an acronym for
Project \fBMAC\fP's \fBSY\fPmbolic \fBMA\fPnipulation System.
.pp
This manual* describes a version which is a descendent of 
.(f
*This manual is based in part on the 1977 version 9 PDP-10 
.Ma 
manual, with suggestions of the Mathlab Group and the assistance of
V. Ellen Golden. Their help is gratefully acknowledged. 
.)f
the Macsyma / Vaxima system
developed at the University of California, Berkeley,
starting from the original DEC PDP-10 version.
.Ma
has been designed
for use under the UNIX operating system on VAX and other
computers.**

This system and its predecessors reflect the 
many contributions of prized pieces of code,
useful advice, bug reports, and lively debate.
.pp
The algorithms in 
.Ma
have been both drawn from and contributed to the literature,
and owe debts to
Elwyn R. Berlekamp,
W. Stanley Brown,
George E. Collins, 
Richard J. Fateman,
W. Morven Gentleman,
R. William Gosper,
Donald E. Knuth,
John D. Lipson,
Joel Moses,
Robert H. Risch,
Barry Trager,
Paul Wang,
Richard Zippel,
among many others.
.pp
Direct contributors in terms of programming, include
David R. Barton,
Richard A. Bogen,
Hilary O. Capps,
George J. Carrette,
Bruce W. Char,
Alex P. Doohovskoy,
William G. Dubuque,
Carl Engelman,
Richard J. Fateman,
John K. Foderaro,
Daniel Freedman,
Michael R. Genesereth,
R. William Gosper,
Ellen V. Golden,
Jeffrey P. Golden,
Robert Grabel,
Leo P. Harten,
John L. Kulp,
Douglas H. Lanam,
Edward L. Lafferty,
William A. Martin,
Joel Moses,
Keith Nishihara,
Kent M. Pittman,
Linda Rothschild,
David Saunders,
David R. Stoutemyer,
Barry M. Trager,
Paul Wang,
David Y. Yun,
Jon L. White,
Gail Zacharias,
Richard Zippel,
and undoubtedly others.

.tl ''Acknowledgments''
.pp
Work reported herein was supported at various times
by numerous government and private agencies, including in part
the U. S. Department
of Energy, Contract DE-AT03-76SF00034, Project Agreement
DE-AS03-79ER10358, and the National Science
Foundation under Grant No.  MCS 7807291, the System Development
Foundation.

UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. DEC, VAX, PDP are trademarks
of Digital Equipment Corporation.

.br
portions \(co 1981 in part, by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
which has given permission to copy without fee all or part of the
source material from which this manual is derived,
provided that the copies are not made or distributed
for direct commercial advantage and the copyright notice above is
given.
.br
All other rights reserved.
.br
.bp
.ps 16
.sp 1i
.tl ''Contents''
.sp .5i
.ps 12
.in 1i.
.ti 2i
Introduction
.ti 2i
Data Types
.ti 2i
Construction of Mathematical Expressions
.ti 2i
Programming
.ti 2i
Commands
.ti 2i
Database Operations
.ti 2i
Specialized Functions
Lists
Pattern Matching
Utility
I/O
Tensor
Share
.ti 2i
Batch/storage
.ti 2i 
Plotting
.ti 2i
Grammar
.ti 2i
Examples